Abstract:
Introduction: In obstetrics, monitoring of the fetus using CTG is now part of the accepted standard. Most commonly, the fetal heart rate is detected with a Dop-pler ultrasound transducer (ultrasonic cardiography). In some cases, however, a maternal signal is recorded instead of the child's heart rate. If the maternal heart rate is within a normal range for the fetus (around 130 bpm), the worst case scenario is that the incorrect measurement is not picked up and the recorded heart rate is not interpreted correctly. An asphyctic newborn or still-birth are the worst consequences of this avoidable error. After all, if a maternal heart rate is also recorded (e.g. using pulsoxymetry or by recording a maternal ECG), the concurrence of the two heart rates can be identified and the user can be alerted (referred to as coincidence detection). In most cases, however, continuous monitoring of the maternal heart rate is omitted in the interests of the patient's comfort.
Materials and methodology: A new method of detecting coincidence was examined in this study. The maternal heart rate was measured with a modified tocography transducer ("abdominal pulse sensor"). The advantage of this principle centers round the incorporation of a measure-ment of the maternal heart rate into the tocography transducer that is already used during CTG. This means that the coincidence analysis can always function without the need to connect additional cables or sensors. Philips GmbH has developed the "abdominal pulse sensor" for this purpose, which measures the maternal heart rate using two infrared diodes installed in the base of the transducer. The heart rate is determined using photoplethysmography. This method is ideal for measuring the maternal heart rate, as firstly the depth of penetration by infrared light is not harmful to the fetus and secondly the sensor can be built invisibly into the existing measuring set-up for CTG.
Results: In a clinical feasibility study, the "abdominal pulse sensor” was tested on pregnant women 26 weeks or more into their pregnancy. It was proved that the "abdominal pulse sensor" records the maternal heart rate with an acceptable degree of reliability. To this end, the quantity (proportion of actual "abdominal pulse sensor" readings compared to reference ECG readings) and the quality (proportion of "abdominal pulse sensor” readings with an absolute deviation from the ECG < 5 bpm) were determined as target variables. In the second series of measurements with the enhanced "abdominal pulse sensor”, an average reading quality of 96.7 % was achieved. The quantity was 84.2%.
Conclusion: On the basis of data records to date, the new CTG system with a built-in measurement of the maternal heart rate by the “abdominal pulse sensor” is able to reliably determine the maternal heart rate with a high level of quality. If the quantity is sufficient, it offers added safety for monitoring fetuses in utero with the same degree of comfort for the patient. This additional measurement could increase safety for the unborn child.