Abstract:
Previously studies show ethnic differences in haematological reference values, but the reference intervals used in African countries often derive from Caucasian or Western populations. The main aim of this thesis was to establish haematological and biochemical reference intervals for children in Lambaréné, Gabon, aged 4 weeks to 9 weeks and 1 year to 6 years.
The children found healthy by physical examination were seen at the Medical Research Unit at the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Lambaréné, Gabon, from April 2006 to January 2008. The following parameters were measured: leukocytes (white blood cell count [WBC]), red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW), platelets (PLT), lymphocytes (LYM), monocytes (MON), neutrophils (NEU), eosinophils (EOS), basophils (BAS), the biochemical parameters glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase (GPT) and creatinine. For children aged 1 year to 6 years, total bilirubin was measured as well.
On the basis on the guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) “How to Define and Determine Reference Intervals in the Clinical Laboratory” (NCCLS document C28-A2, 2nd Edition) the reference intervals were developed using the 2.5th and 97.5th quantiles of the data set. To evaluate gender influences a partition test (z-test) was performed. There was no evidence for differences in gender. For outlier detection, Dixon’s D/R ratio test was used.
In general, values for red blood cells were lower than those of corresponding western ones. PLT ranges were found to be higher. White blood cell counts were similar to those in Western textbooks. However, eosinophils were found to be elevated in the elder age group, most likely caused by intestinal helminths. In general, biochemical reference values were similar to published Caucasian values.
Like previous studies this thesis confirms the importance of establishing population based reference intervals in order to avoid harm by misinterpreting haematological or biochemical findings. These values are not intended to redefine “normality”. They are the product of environmental and genetic influences acting on both the population and the individual level.