Abstract:
One of the major problems in neonatology is development of the respiratory distress syndrome. It is mainly caused by functional lung immaturity. In this disease, lack of surfactant causes too high surface tension and, thus, contributes to atelectasis formation and consequently respiratory insufficiency. Over the last decades, there were substantial improvement in therapy and a significant reduction in mortality. Yet, the only available attempt for prevention of this disease are corticosteroids that are applicated pre- and antenataly. The aim of this work was to investigate whether recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (rhKGF) could be an alternative substance to the standard treatment used today: corticosteroids (e.g. betamethasone).
Sprague-Dawley rats were treated at 1, 5, 13, and 19 days postnatal for two days with weight-adapted amounts of rhKGF, or bethametasone, or a combination of both. Effects of this treatment on composition of phospholipids in lung, liver, and plasma were analyzed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).
Given at 1 and 5 days postnatal, rhKGF showed comparable increase in extracellular surfactant as betamethasone. In betamethasone-treated animals, this increase in extracellular surfactant goes along with a decrease in intracellular stored surfactant. By contrast, rhKGF animals had even higher intracellular surfactant content. Of interest, after rhKGF there was enrichment especially in those phosphatidylcholines responsible for an optimal function of lung surfactant. In the older rats (15 and 21 days), this correlation could no longer be demonstrated. For these pups, combination therapy was most efficient. The effects on liver and plasma were less impressive: only the older animals showed increased amounts of total lipids when treated with both substances in combination.
In conclusion, rhKGF might be a therapeutic alternative to glucocorticoids avoiding the systemic side effects of these substances. However, further experiments are needed.