Abstract:
Clinical errors resulting from usability problems are not a seldom occurrence. The steadily growing increase in the use of technology in medicine, as well as equipment which is becoming progressively more complex and more complicated puts an enormous strain on clinical staff. This situation is provoked by inadequate usability of the equipment and appliances. Equipment is often not constructed for intuitive use and their handling is difficult to learn. Operator errors are inevitable. A large proportion of the clinical errors that occur is associated with the use of equipment and approximately 60% of these errors can be ascribed to usability problems.
Thus, ergonomic considerations and the observance of usability requirements are absolutely essential for optimizing the clinical working environment.
Recently, equipment manufacturers started to raise demands for the inclusion of a usability inspection in obtaining CE certification conforming to the standards EN IEC 60601-1-6 and EN IEC 62366. Medical equipment now has to be designed following a usability engineering process. However, the procedure has not yet been defined, nor do special test criteria exist. Nor are there standardized guidelines for the evaluation and assessment of usability.
Traditional approaches of Usability Engineering are essential but insufficient for the complexity of typical safety critical medical devices. No methods for risk assessment for the usability of medical devices exist.
In this dissertation a standard procedure was developed that allows evaluating and assessing the usability of medical devices with regard to usability and safety aspects. The standard procedure is subdivided into an evaluation and an assessment part (“UseProb”).
The evaluation method as well as the assessment method was developed by an iterative approach with repeating development and evaluation phases. Suitable methods of usability engineering and risk assessment have been evaluated and verified to concretize the standard procedure.
In various studies it could be demonstrated that the standard procedure fulfills the test quality criteria sufficiently, detects more problems than in comparable studies and allows assessment.
With independent, repeated studies involving a different random sample, different test supervisors and different evaluation experts, as well as in a study repeated after seven months with the same evaluation experts, it was demonstrated that the standard procedure and the evaluation method fulfil the test quality criteria of objectivity, reliability and validity.