Abstract:
Aim: Bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft is used for a reliable reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. The initial graft fixation can be achieved by using press-fit technique. This experimental study compares the ultimate tensile strength of bone-patellar tendon-grafts of 0,4 mm press-fit to 1,4 mm press-fit. A second step modifies the insertion of the prepared patellar bone plug of the 0,4 mm press-fit group by using a longitudinal drill-hole for the drawing in-thread, protecting the patellar insertion site with a metal plate while driven into the fixation-hole. Method: 48 porcine knees where used. 15 bone-patellar tendon grafts with 1,5 mm press-fit (group A) were compared with to 16 bone–patellar tendon-grafts with 0,4 mm press-fit (group B). After the prepared patellar bone plugs were inserted into the 45° femoral fixation-hole using hammer, stick and thread, the primary stability of the press-fit fixation method was measured with a computer-controlled testing device using maximum-failure tensile-strength tests. A transverse drill-hole in the bone plug and using the thread as a loop was defined as conventional insertion.
In a second step group B was compared to 17 bone-patellar tendon-grafts, also with a 0,4 mm press-fit (group C), but with a longitudinal drill-hole of the bone plug. With the doubled insertion thread a small metal plate to protect the tendon insertion-site was fixed to the patellar tendon insertion-site. The primary stability was measured with a computer-controlled testing device using maximum-failure tensile-strength tests. Our measured ultimate tensile-strength was statistically tested, using the students t-test. Statistical significance was assumed at p < = 0,05.
Results: The 16 bone-patellar tendon grafts with 0,4 mm press-fit (group B) showed the greatest ultimate tensile-strength with a mean of 416,22 Newton (N) compared to the 15 specimen with 1,5 mm press-fit (group A) with a mean 353,7 N (p = 0,08). The rupture occurred at the tendon insertion of the bone plug at all times. The comparison of ultimate tensile-strength of group B and C (mean 325,95 N) showed a significant higher ultimate tensile strength in group B (mean 416,22 N) (p = 0,03).
Conclusions: The conventional fixation technique of the bone-patellar tendon graft using 0,4 mm press-fit provides a higher ultimate tensile-strength and a vital tendon insertion site compared to the 1,5 mm press fit fixation. The use of a protective metal plate with identical 0,4 mm press-fit an longitudinal drill-hole doesn’t result in a higher ultimate tensile-strength based on a protection of the tendon insertion site.