Abstract:
In everyday clinical practice, a certain percentage of patient cases is affected by unwanted events or errors. Identification of (potential) errors is an essential part of risk management. The subsequent evaluation of the (potential) errors should be used to reduce risk effectively. This paper first presents the prevalence of unwanted events. Next, a model is drawn up for calculating error costs, which should enable risk evaluation.
The prevalence of unwanted medical events is ascertained and methods for error identification evaluated using study appraisal and literature searches. A model for calculating error costs is outlined based on calculation of expected levels, and this is then applied to the subgroup of medication errors.
The studies observed, showed an average prevalence of 11,3% for unwanted events, which extended hospital stay by an average of about 7,4 days. Practicable methods of error identification are complaints management, error reporting systems, retrospective case analysis and the different kinds of process analysis.
The developed calculation of error cost processes the different possible courses of errors, their probabilities of occurring and their consequences in terms of monetary costs, associated quality of life and well-being, in one single algorithm. The meaning and valency of different errors may thus be simply yet comprehensively compared. Demands on data (processing) for this method are, however, comparatively high. A possibility for compressing data is therefore also discussed.
The paper shows that unwanted events present a challenge to health care. A rise in the effectiveness of risk and quality management measures can result from appropriate measures in risk identification and assessment and so result in higher patient safety. These measures must, however, be easy to implement in order to be accepted and applied in everyday clinical practice. A challenge for the future, therefore, lies is creating practicable systems for clinical risk assessment. In research, there would seem to lie a further task of establishing uniform standards for evaluating error costs, so that better comparability and more effective discussion could emerge.