Abstract:
A temporally and spatially coordinated interaction between different neurotransmitters, among them dopamine and glutamate, is essential for the adequate development of neural circuits within the striatum. Disequilibrium of these transmitters during ontogenesis is reputedly involved in the pathogenesis of neurological and psychiatric disorders, e.g. ADHD (Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder) and ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis).
Striatal astrocytes express a dopamine D5- receptor and thus qualify as target cells for dopamine. Furthermore, astrocytes are able to release glutamate in a calcium-dependent manner and could possibly regulate the availability of glutamate via dopamine.
In this study, changes in the astrocytic expression pattern of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 under dopaminergic stimulation were examined. Therefore, astroglial cultures from the striatum and mesencephalon of new-born balb/c-mice were treated with Dopamin [10-4 M resp. 10-5 M] and the dopamine-receptor antagonists SCH 33290 (D1- antagonist) and Sulpirid (D2- antagonist), each concentrated 10-6 M. The concentration of GLT- 1 was determined for mRNA as well as protein .
On the transcriptional level, a D1- mediated reduction of GLT-1 was registered. As for the protein, the GLT- 1 reduction was also evident, but could not be inhibited by either D1- or D2- antagonists. Further experiments would be needed to enlighten the possibility of alternative pathways, such as interactions betweeen dopamine and endothelins, growth factors or the adenosine A2A- receptor.
The transcriptional, D1-mediated reduction of GLT-1 does not match with current studies that describe an increase of GLT-1 on adult astrocytes under dopaminergic D1 stimulation. As a consequence, the results above have to be considered as ontogenetically specific.
These findings imply that dopamine might regulate the availability of glutamate during striatal ontogenesis.