Abstract:
Main objective of this work is to show, that the author Adolph Karl August Eschenmayer took up ideas of the philosophy of Fichte already in former times than so far accepted, indeed already in the year 1796, and used them for a theory of the medicine. This change in the philosophical attitude Eschenmayers can be explained in particular under the aspect that Eschenmayer wanted to leave the bare level of the past know-how behind itself, which was main object of the theory of Kant, and with it accompanying, he demanded a system, which should permit a setting up of generally accepted guiding principles on the basis of rational principles. Eschenmayers dissertation "Principia quaedam disciplinae naturali, in primis Chemiae, ex Metaphysica naturae substernenda" from the year 1796 shows undisputed still some agreements with principles of Kant however the philosophy of Kant functions here for Eschenmayer particularly as starting point for the renewals, which he aims at. In particular chemistry supplies an important point of attack of Eschenmayers renewal tendency. At that time yet the conditions of a science had not been entitled to this discipline, since Kant saw only empirical principles in it. Eschenmayer doesn’t deny the correctness of the experience sets, which were set up so far, but it demands however at the same time that these must be developed on compelling arguments. This is only possible by reaching rational foundations in chemistry. Therein, Eschenmayer sees a large profit for all remaining natural sciences. By setting up generally accepted principles in a discipline, as in the example of chemistry already mentioned, a simplification could be achieved. Everyone, that concerns itself with this discipline, could appoint itself on safe bases of universal validity. Nevertheless a common basis for all those have been created, which want to operate science. The character of matter is also submitted to a change by Eschenmayers remarks. Matter is no longer only the product of pure experience, but will be analyzable and can be subjected to the mathematical computation. For Kant, this was absolutely a thing of impossibility. According to Kant, the matter can be never regarded as a priori given thing. If one proceeds however in accordance with the acceptance Fichtes, the subject term which can be found with Eschenmayer can be quite supported. According to Fichte, matter is a product of the ego. Due to Eschenmayer, thus one gets the draft of a conception of matter, which is quasi product of our conception. This can also be considered as a proof for the turn in Eschenmayers philosophical opinion. A paradigm shift carries out itself - Eschenmayer leaves the empirical level of Kant and turns to the theory Fichtes. Thus now everything that could stress so far only the character of a systematic art, can become science according to Eschenmayer. Eschenmayer really contributed to the development process, which carried out itself to its time in the sciences. He also supported without a doubt the efforts, which were necessary to form out a science after rational principles on the basis of only empirical art. In his function both and philosopher and physician led this inevitably to profound effects in both kinds of areas. From this moment on, everyone could concerned itself with general science teachings and no longer only with applied knowledge of nature.
We find the starting point for this important change in Eschenmayers philosophical development – like it is shown in this thesis - however already in the year 1796, with taking up Fichte ideas in its latin thesis and the execution and confirmation of these ideas in his translated and extended version following one year later. This philosophical development process Eschenmayers took place some years earlier than it had been assumed so far.