Abstract:
The aim was the registration of long-term treatment outcomes in patients with carcinoma in the hypopharynx and larynx who were treated from 1982 to 1991 at the ENT Clinic in Tübingen. A total of 730 patients have been included in the analysis.
Divided into four tumor regions 5-year survival rates of the various treatment regimens were determined . The comparison, however, is fundamentally complicated by the fact that the various forms of therapy were used differently often in the different tumor stages.
An increase in incidence in recent times is explained by a higher number of identified diseases and an advancement of the diagnostic timing.
The patient's age does not matter with regard to the extent of the primary tumor at initial diagnosis.
The male sex is a positive predictive value for the occurrence of the diseases. This is associated with a deterioration in survival probability. As predisposing factors especially alcohol and nicotine consumption have importance. A incidence peak of initial diagnosis shows between 50th – 60th year of life.
Lymph node involvement at first diagnosis and the associated risk of distant metastasis have prognostic significance. Therefore the neck dissection is an important prognostic factor, too. A negative prediction due to a lower histological differentiation is not possible here.
The comparative study of different therapy regimens in patients with carcinomas in the glottic larynx and supraglottic larynx shows no significant difference in survival times.
There is a significant difference in median survival in favor of a surgical therapy in patient group with carcinoma in the hypopharyngeal region. A solitary operation, as well as an operation connected with an adjuvant therapy are superior to sole radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Therefore surgery is clearly favored.
Generally speaking a trend towards an advantage of surgical treatment in combination with adjuvant therapy can be postulated. With increasing tumor size and poor differentiation of the tumor this principle gets more important. In addition, radical surgical procedures can be avoided more often in recent years - in favor of functional-sustaining interventions in the form of partial resections.
Nevertheless a primary radiotherapy can be justified in individual cases.
No significant differences have been shown regarding the recorded survival times using a treatment with a radical neck dissection (RND) compared with a treatment with a functional neck dissection (FND). The FND induces a distinctly better functional outcome and a higher quality of life for the patients than the RND. Thus in general a FND should be preferred.
Therefore the selection of an individual suitable form of therapy is very important. For this purpose a high degree of pre-treatment knowledge is absolutely necessary, resulting from appropriate staging investigations.
In young patients generally a more aggressive therapy regimen seems to be necessary than in elderly patients.
Of course the survival rate can not be attributed to the therapy mode alone. In advanced tumor stages curative treatment approaches are often impossible. There was a reduction in survival rate with increasing tumor extent. However a significant difference between the individual T-stages could not prove.
The chosen treatment method is only one part that significantly affects the survival, relapse frequency and distant metastasis rates. However, the relapse-free survival can be influenced positively by the use of adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy.