Abstract:
In the immune modulation of T-cells, the molecules of TCR-signalling play a crucial role. Quantitative or qualitative alterations in TCR-signalling influence the generation of autoimmunity. To substantiate this hypothesis in this work we examined the quantitative gene expression of intracellular molecules in early TCR-signalling events by rt-PCR-analysis and an interspecific primer design for human and murine mRNA expression analysis. To obtain a quantitative and dynamic expression profile we analyzed the mRNA-expression of LAT, Nck, Grb2, Crk and c-Cbl in CD4-specific T-lymphocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis (n=10) and a control group of healthy donors (n=10) before and after stimulation in vitro. Quantitative analysis showed a similar basic expression profile of all examined molecules except of c-Cbl. In the case of c-Cbl, a negative regulating protein, the group of multiple sclerosis patients showed a significant lower basic expression. Following stimulation, the mRNA-expression profile of multiple sclerosis patients showed a weaker up-regulation or even a down-regulation of TCR-signal transducing molecules compared to lymphocytes of healthy donors, indicating a state of T-cell anergy in-between two events of demyelinating disease. In case of LAT-regulation, rt-PCR-analysis showed the strongest up-regulation of mRNA, indicating the crucial function of this central adapter molecule in TCR-signal transduction.
The rt-PCR-analysis of two model cell lines (murine 58 alpha-/beta- T-lymphocytes tranfected with human TCR of a known specifity, MBP80-99 and MBP139-151 respectively, from cell clones of human multiple sclerosis patients) allowed further investigation of stimulation-dependent regulation of downstream TCR-signal transducing molecules. The model cell lines showed a similar basic expression profile regarding the molecules LAT, Nck, Grb2, and Crk compared to the human Jurkat T-cell lymphoma cell line. Compared to the T-lymphocytes of the human control group or to murine splenocytes, the adapter molecules in lymphocyte signalling in these model cells showed a significant higher basic expression, except the c-Cbl molecule showing a lower basic mRNA expression in the transfected model cells, analogous to the PBMCs of multiple sclerosis patients. In a time dependent mRNA analysis following anti-CD3 and additional anti-CD28 stimulation the adapter molecules showed a down-regulation during the early effector phase and a renewed up-regulation in the further course of time, implicating an effect of functional avidity maturation and memory function. The CD28 co-stimulation gave an additional effect indicating the importance of co-stimulation in this process. The weaker physiological stimulation of model cell lines and human T-lymphocytes using MBP-presenting cells in the in vitro setting showed an anti-cyclic expression pattern: an up-regulation of signalling molecules in early stages showed the intracellular attempts of amplifying a weak receptor signal and strengthen the immunological synapse followed by down-regulation of adapter molecules in absence of a functional immunological synapse leading the T-cell to a state of anergy.
In these kinetic mRNA expression profiles of adapter molecules in TCR-signalling, on the one hand physiological aspects and on the other hand a special behavior of model cell-chimera could be shown. Expression profiles following stimulation of human T-lymphocytes demonstrated two outstanding regulatory molecules, LAT and the onco-protein and negative regulator c-Cbl, indicating an interesting role of these molecules for further investigation in multiple sclerosis and autoimmunity.