Abstract:
In the development of atherosclerosis, chemokine MCP-1 and its receptor CCR2 play an important role. Following the recruitment of monocytes and the adhesion to the vascular wall by adhesion molecules, MCP-1 triggers its passage through the endothelium. There, the monocytes differentiate to macrophages and develop to foam cells by the absorption of oxidized LDL.
Even before haemodynamically relevant plaques in the arterial wall become clinically symptomatic, the endothelium shows disorders under the influence of proatherosclerotic factors. According to the current opinion, these functional changes of the endothelium form the first step of the development of atherosclerosis. The diagnosis of these "early stages" is of great importance, because at this stage the vascular changes are, in principle, reversible, and morphological changes can be prevented by appropriate intervention or at least slowed down in their development.
So far, there are numerous studies on the relationship between MCP-1/CCR2 and morphological changes in the vascular wall. The present work addresses the question whether a relationship already exists between the MCP-1/CCR2 and the premorphological stage of atherosclerosis, the endothelial dysfunction.
To this end, we examined 242 volunteers as part of the "Tübinger Lebensstil-Interventions-Programm" (TULIP-Studie). The influence of MCP-1 and its receptor CCR2 on the endothelial function was investigated. For this purpose, the MCP-1-serum levels were determined, and in addition CCR2 was examined for polymorphisms. The endothelial function was determined by the measurement of the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) with high-resolution ultrasound (13MHz).
A direct correlation between the MCP-1-serum level and FMD could not be observed. In the course of the investigation of the CCR2 gene, a total of eight polymorphisms could be identified, six of them with a frequency of more than 10% which were further analyzed. Carriers of the A allele of the CCR2 promoter polymorphism T-960A showed a significantly better FMD.
To capture the functional relevance of this polymorphism, the migration of monocytes through the endothelium was examined in the transmigration model. Here too, a disturbed transmigration of monocytes in the presence of the homozygous mutant variant could be detected. This should be interpreted in terms of a reduced inflammation in the vascular wall of carriers of polymorphism.
The present thesis shows that genetically determined antiinflammatory protective mechanisms may be associated with preserved (or better) NO-dependent endothelial function. Therefore carriers of the A allele of the CCR2 promoter polymorphism T-960A could show a lower risk for the occurrence of atherosclerotic long-term sequela. A second result is that MCP-1-serum levels are not a reliable early indicator of endothelial dysfunction.