Abstract:
Background:
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is the standard treatment of coronary heart disease. Inspite of technical improvements being made, restenosis remains the main problem of the treatment.
Aim:
With the aim to fight the essential pathophysiological mechanism of in-stent restenosis, neointimal hyperplasia, the first clinical trial of a new therapeutic approach was analysed in the LOCAL TAX study: the local intracoronary delivery of the antiproliferative agent/ substance paclitaxel in the vessel using a special application catheter after stenting.
Methods and Results:
In the study of LOCAL TAX, taking place at the university hospital of Tuebingen, 204 patients with coronary heart disease were included. The objective of this study was to analyse the safety, practicability and efficacy of the intracoronary delivery of paclitaxel after stenting in human-beings. In order to present a safety report at an early stage of the study, my thesis analyses the safety and practicability of the method working with the data of the first 102 patients during the first 30 days in the course of the study. The randomized and simple blinded study is split into 3 groups: patients of the first group had an implantation of a bare metal stent plus the delivery of paclitaxel, the patients of the other 2 groups were treated according to conventional therapies. Thus the patients of the second group were treated with the bare metal stent whereas the patients of the third group got a drug-eluting stent. All the patients received acetylsalicylacid, heparine and clopidogrel as medication. During the first 30 days all patients underwent 5 set controls (e.g. patients history, clinical examination, electrocardiogram, blood pressure, heartbeat, blood tests).
Results:
The patients were equally spread over the 3 study groups. The 3 groups of patients hardly differed in their clinical characteristics, i.e. age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors or angiographic data (e.g. type of coronary heart disease, target vessel, left ventricular function, indication of inclusion).
The catheter-based local intracoronary delivery of paclitaxel was successfully carried out in all patients of the first group. There were no technical problems concerning the handling of the application catheter.
Adverse clinical events were subdivided into two categories, serious adverse events and adverse events (less serious). During the first 30 days of the study 29 serious adverse events and 20 adverse events occured. The first group (paclitaxel delivery) contained 7 serious adverse events. In the second group (bare metal stent only) 13 serious adverse events were recorded, compared to 9 serious adverse events recorded in the third group (drug-eluting stent). The relatively high number of serious adverse events in the second group was due to the falsely inclusion of a multimorbid patient, who suffered from 4 serious events. Adverse events were equally spread over the groups (first group: 7 , second group:8, third group:5 ). Therefore there is no higher number of clinical events after local drug delivery than in the groups treated with standard therapies. Moreover analysis of further postinterventional examinations, e.g. laboratory results or electrocardiografic controls, did not show any difference between the groups.
Conclusions:
The safety report analysing the data of the first 102 patients during the follow-up of the first month in the course of the study shows, that this method is safe and practicable and has no more dangers or risks in comparison to the two standard therapies.