Abstract:
Aim of this retrospective study was to analyze whether three-phase bone scintigraphy allows for differentiation between malignant and benign bone tumors, or osteomyelitis in children and adolescents. Scintigraphic diagnoses were based upon distribution, localization, intensity of tracer uptake, and shape of pathological foci. Diagnostic efficiency was assessed in terms of sensitivity, and specificity, and compared with 1-phase bone scintigraphy as well as other morphological imaging modalities such as conventional X-ray studies, CT, and MRI.
Scintigraphic studies of 112 children and adolescents with suspected primary bone tumors or osteomyelitis performed between 1996 and 2004 were included. Diagnoses were confirmed by histology (bone tumors) or biopsy, blood culture, imaging, and clinical course (osteomyelitis).
With regard to lesion detection the sensitivity of three-phase bone scintigraphy was 98 %. All malignant bone tumors, 77 % of the patients with osteomyeltis, and 63 % of the benign tumors could be correctly classified.
Dynamic studies (perfusion and bloodpool scintigraphy) significantly increased the specificity and allowed for the correct diagnosis or disease exclusion in
43 % of the cases. In case of intense tracer uptake in perfusion and bloodpool images a benign bone tumor could be excluded. Osteomyelitis or a malignant bone tumor was highly unlikely, if late images revealed normal uptake at the suspected bone area. Multiple foci were indicative for presence of osteochondroma, fibrous dysplasia, eosinophilic granuloma, osteomyelitis, bone lymphoma, or bone metastases.
In comparison to other imaging modalities the sensitivity and specificity of three-phase bone scintigraphy was similar to CT or MRT. All malignant bone tumors could be correctly classified.
Thus, even in children and adolescents bone scintigraphy is a highly sensitive diagnostic procedure with adequate specificity, if performed as three-phase study. Results may be further improved by including clinical findings, morphological imaging data (plain X-ray studies, CT, MRT), or fused data sets (SPECT/CT) into analysis.