Abstract:
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury, i.e., that which occurs via occlusion, followed by reperfusion of the superior mesenteric artery, contributes to morbidity and mortality and critical illness (2, 6, 9, 10, 21, 22, 105). Extracellular adenosine has been implicated as an innate anti-inflammatory metabolite, particularly during conditions of limited oxygen availability such as ischemia. Since adenosine is primarily produced via enzymatic conversion of AMP via ecto-5’-nucleotidase (CD73), we used a mouse model of intestinal I/R injury to examine the contribution of CD73-dependent adenosine production in modulation of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Following initial transcriptional and translational profiling of intestinal tissue that revealed a prominent induction of murine CD73, we next studied the role of CD73 in protection against intestinal IR injury. Pharmacological inhibition or targeted gene deletion of CD73 significantly enhanced, not only local intestinal injury, but also secondary organ injury, following IR. To confirm that CD73 was required for adenosine generation in the intestine and is regulated by intestinal IR, we measured adenosine tissue levels and found that they were significantly higher in WT mice than CD73-deficient (CD73-/-) mice. Moreover, reconstitution of CD73-/- mice or treatment of WT mice with soluble 5´-nucleotidase was associated with significantly lower levels of injury. These data reveal what we believe to be a previously unrecognized role of CD73 in modulation and regulation of intestinal IR-mediated injury. Taken together, these studies suggest that manipulation of CD73 enzymatic activity, to increase extracellular adenosine concentrations, may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute ischemic injury of the intestine.