Abstract:
1.1 Introduction
An allergic reaction to the sting of a hymenopter can result in a live-threatening situation for 3 to 5% of the central-European population. Specific immunotherapy makes successful hyposensibilisation of patients possible. However, estimating the success of this treatment is presently only feasible by so-called sting provocation. There is no reliable laboratory parameter to verify the success of therapy due to lack of clarity where the functional mechanism of hyposensibilisation is concerned. Detecting CD 203c expression on basophilic granolocytes is a diagnostic test demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity in an allergic person. Changes in the expression were examined in the course of a specific immunotherapy, in order to depict possible consistencies in connection with the treatment result.
1.2 Patients, Materials and Methods
In 17 patients, who underwent hyposensibilisation at our Department of Dermatology , expression of the basophilic activation marker CD203c was examined prior and after the initial therapy (rush scheme) as well as after 16 to 33 months of sustaining therapy. The cells were stimulated by wasp and bee venom. PBS served as negative control, anti-IgE antibody DEpsilon2 as positive control. The surfaces were marked by fluorochrome with the specific monoclonal antibody (97A6-PE) and analysed by flow cytometry. With the help of median fluorescence intensities a relative stimulation index was calculated serving to statistically compare the expression of CD203c at the various examination times.
1.3 Results
The original diagnosis was confirmed at the initial examination in 16 of 17 patients. After having received initial and sustaining therapy of hyposensibilisation 12 of 13 patients still showed an upregulation of CD 203c in recall examinations after 22 to 33 months. Significant differentiation was possible between the stimulations of positive and negative controls in every examination interval. The same was true for the different allergen stimulations. Statistical comparison of the stimulation indices derived from the positive controls and allergen stimulation between the three time points of examination showed no significant differences in relation to the present allergy.
1.4 Discussion
The results from the expression of the basophilic activation marker CD203c verify the results of standard diagnosis. As already shown by published studies, it was confirmed that this is a highly specific and sensitive in vitro examination for persons having allergic reactions to insect venom. Significant changes could neither be detected in the course of stimulation with standardized venom, nor for the positive controls. This is similar to the behaviour of the expression of CD 63 on the basophilic surface as described in literature. Despite the high treatment success of this specific immunotherapy, the expression of CD 203c itself does not allow any statement in connection to the therapy success. It also remains unclear what role the expressed ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase / phosphodiesterase 3 has in the allergic cascade of an allergic reaction. In further studies it shall be examined what kind of function the persistence of the ectoencyme has.