Abstract:
Malaria is one of the most frequent diseases in sub-Saharan Africa.
In 1-2 million cases a year malaria proves fatal. The chemotherapy is aggravated by worldwide increasingly resistant strains of pathogens. Therefore, optimization of the therapy regime as well as the development of new treatment polices are consistently needed.
The aim of this study is to asses the effectiveness of an oral 5-day mono-therapy with Artesunate once a day on 50 children with uncomplicated malaria in Lambaréné, Gabon.
In the period from December 2002 to August 2004, 50 uncomplicated malaria cases were treated by such a regime under semi-observed conditions.
On day 28, after the diagnoses and starting the treatment, the result showed that 38 (50) children were parasite-free, which represents a 76% healing rate.
PRC corrected, i.e. distinguishing between new infections and relapse, this even represents a 90% (45/50) healing rate.
Artesunate reduces the parasite burden quickly.
Already on the 4th day of treatment all tests of Thick-Smears were negative. Also the clinical symptoms improved quickly. There was no negative influence on the laboratory parameters (leucocytes, thrombocytes, haemoglobin, haematocrit, MCV, ALT and creatinine).
All clinical checkups on the following days were similar to those of the day of diagnoses.
The therapy was well received. No drug-associated adverse reaction was observed.
Artesunate is an effective and well tolerated drug for the treatment of malaria.
Due to the short half-life the danger of building resistant strains is low. Moreover, it reduces the transmission of the disease due to the elimination of the gametocytes.
This study shows that a 5-day-Artesunate-mono-therapy is an effective and safe regime for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria.