Abstract:
In the present study we analysed leukemic blasts from 19 patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia and from four patients with newly diagnosed lymphoblastic leukemia for expression and function of CysLT1.
Previous studies have shown that the G protein-coupled receptor CysLT1, which recognizes inflammatory lipid mediators (cysteinyl-leukotrienes), is expressed in immature hematopoietic cells. It even seems to be more specific for progenitor cells than the SDF-receptor CXCR4.
By RT-PCR, CysLT1 mRNA was found in all primary AML and ALL cells. Quantitative TaqMan PCR demonstrated high levels particularly in acute myeloblastic leukemia without maturation (FAB M1). CysLT1 was functionally active in the leukemic blasts, as demonstrated by actin polymerization induced by the ligand LTD4. Similar to mRNA expression, strongest responses were seen in AML M1. Although the second strongest CysLT1 expression was found in ALL blasts by RT-PCR, their response to LTD4 was only slightly above the reaction to the control. As LTD4 can be produced in bone marrow by stromal cells and may contribute to bone marrow infiltration of AML, chemotaxis was analysed. Surprisingly, already low concentrations (10nM) induced significant chemotaxis of AML blasts , while higher concentrations (up to 1 microM) were less effective in a dose dependant manner.
We conclude that CysLT1 is consistently expressed in acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia and mediates both actin polymerization and chemotaxis. Therefore, CysLT1 antagonists, which are already used in the treatment of allergy, may improve the effectiveness of antileukemic therapy.