Abstract:
The antimalarial combination of artesunate – mefloquine is currently one of the most effective treatments against multidrug resistant Plasmodium falciparum infection. However, WHO recommendations preclude African children from this combination regime because of insufficient data on safety and tolerability in this target group. The present clinical study was performed to evaluate efficacy, safety, tolerability, and acceptability of two paediatric formulations of artesunate – mefloquine in Gabonese children. 71 patients with acute uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria were assigned according to body weight to artesunate-mefloquine treatment with either a fixed-dose co formulation (group A: 10-20 kg, Artequin Paediatric®) or a co-blister tablet formulation (group B: 20-40 kg, Artequin® 300/750). Day 28 cure rates were 100% (CI 91-100%) in both treatment groups. Mean (SD) parasite clearance time was 34 (12) and 31(9) hours, and mean fever clearance time was 22 (12) and 19 (8) hours in group A and B, respectively. Both treatments were safe and well tolerated, no severe or serious adverse event was related to the study medication. There was a tendency to a lower incidence of gastrointestinal and central nervous system adverse events in the younger patients. However, it remains difficult to differentiate these side effects from the symptoms of the treated disease. Results for acceptability (drug administration and intake) positively met the expectations taking into account the young age of the treated children. The high cure rates, the clinically important rapid parasite and fever clearance times as well as the good safety and tolerability profiles are desirable results for the treatment of P. falciparum malaria. The therapy of uncomplicated malaria in Gabonese children with the combination artesunate-mefloquine is therefore a satisfying and suitable alternative to current therapies with decreased efficacy.