Abstract:
Many people are affected by knee pain, not only young athletes but also predisposed people and, in particular, older people. This complex of problems will gain in importance in the course of the increasing life expectancy.
Until recently meniscus injuries were (sub-)totally dissected or refixed. New vistas are opened up in the field of meniscus healing by meniscus transplantations of populated collagen- based extracellular matrixes with the aid of tissue engineering
Subject of the present dissertation is the phenotypic comparison of synovial fibroblasts with fibrochondrocytes of the meniscus. The differentiation of synovial cells (oval, blast- cell like structure) and meniscus cells (oval, fusiform appearance) turned out to be difficult so far because of their similar morphology.
Meniscus cells as well as synovial cells of five patients were available and their cells were cultivated. One part of the cells (meniscus as well as synovial cells) was used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the other part of it was divided into two halves as follows:
The first half of the cells was transferred into the first subculture, induced with growth factors like IL-1b, TNF-a, TGF-b and a PCR was performed. For the PCR of the primary culture and the first subculture the following primers were used: collagen type-I and -II as matrix components, BMP-2 and TGF-b as chondrogenical factors, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α as inflammatory mediators and MMP-1, MMP-2 und MMP-3 known for the degradation of matrix components. Thus the comparison of the cells in primary culture and first subculture was possible on the protein level.
The second half of the cells was used for immunocytochemical staining with following antibodies: ASO2, Thy- 1 and collagen type I.
The PCR results showed an almost similar gene expression pattern concerning meniscus and synovial cells. The sole difference was that no collagen type- II expression was detected in synovial cells. Meniscal fibrochondrocytes on the other hand expressed collagen type- II. Due to this difference it is now possible to clearly distinguish fibroblasts from fibrochondrocytes.
The antibody coloration showed the following results:
The colorations with ASO2 and Thy- 1 were positive for meniscus and synovial cells. These two antibodies detect specific components of fibroblasts, which are part of both cell types.
Collagen type- I was detected in both cell types- in this regard there in no difference.
Meniscus cells are an appropriate cell type in terms of the population of the collagen matrixes and now they can be definetly identified. The optimization of the cell- matrix- interaction in further studies and research projects would be preferable.