Abstract:
An increasing number of elderly patients present with colorectal cancer as the size of the elderly population increases steadily. Older cancer patients are commonly treated in a less aggressive fashion than younger patients due to complex comorbidity, diminished cardiopulmonary reserves or because of their shorter life expectancy.
This retrospective study included 394 colorectal cancer patients (group 1: 197 age 60-79; group 2: 197 age >=80) who underwent colorectal surgery at the Surgical Department of the University Hospital of Tübingen between May 1987 and October 2002. Comorbidities, operative strategies, postoperative complications, operative results and long-term outcomes were evaluated and compared between the young and elderly patients.
Comorbid nonmalignant diseases were significantly higher in older patients (82% vs. 70%; p=0,0482), in particular cardiovascular diseases. The distribution of tumour stages was identical in both groups (p=0,4). In contrast, an increase in emergency surgery was found in the older age group. Significantly fewer elderly patients underwent primary surgery (94% vs. 100%; p=0,0008). In addition, they were less likely to have curative surgery (R0-resections) than younger patients. Overall, geriatric patients received more single modality treatment, the likelihood of receiving adjuvant radio-chemotherapy for rectal cancer decreased significantly with age. No significant differences between the age groups were observed for postoperative complication rates (p>0,1). However, postoperative mortality was significantly higher in the older patients (12% vs. 3%; p<=0,02). The 5-year cancer-specific survival was 62% and 40% in the young and elderly patients, respectively (p=0,0003). Postoperative cancer-specific survival was not related to comorbidities.
It is concluded that major, curative colorectal surgery in selected elderly patients can be performed with similar indications and postoperative complication rates as in younger patients. Treatment decisions should not be influenced by the chronologic age of the patient.