Abstract:
August Mayer, born August 28th, 1876 in Felldorf near Horb, was Director of the university hospital of obstetrics and gynaecology Tübingen from 1917 to 1949. During these years Mayer provoked academic and public attention in Tübingen and beyond. In this doctoral thesis, Mayer's biography, his scientific work especially in the fields of psychosomatic gynaecology aswell as his involvement in compulsory sterilization taking place at the university hospital of obstetrics and gynaecology during the Third Reich are made subject of discussion.
Mayer grew up on a holding of prussian principality nearby Hohenzollern. He studied in Tübingen, Freiburg and Gießen, then was appointed medical assistant to a general practitioner in Mühlacker. Other assistance posts followed, i.a. under Alfred Hegar at the gynaecological hospital in Freiburg i.B, where Mayer first encountered Hegar's Social Darwinistic ideas and constitutional research.
1908 Mayer habilitated under Hugo Sellheim in Tübingen and, against major reservations, became the latter's successor in 1918. Presumably, Mayer's widely known monarchistic-"deutschnational" attitude was approved highly in the appointment procedure.
It was already before the National-Socialist seizure of power that Mayer stood up for eugenic sterilization, if necessary even under constraint. Women were sterilized due to eugenic indication at the university hospital of obstetrics and gynaecology Tübingen even before the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring came into effect. During the Third Reich more than 700 women suffered enforced sterilization at the university hospital of obstetrics and gynaecology.
After the end of the war, Mayer did neither apprehend nor question his personal involvement or the part played by the medical profession as a whole in the Third Reich. During the subsequent denazification procedure, Mayer was continuously classified as "uncharged".
Mayer's scientific research dealt with the correlation between body and soul and especially focussed on the repercussions of psychic traumas on the female sexual function. However, Mayer was not involved in the evolvement of psychosomatic concepts. He was rather the practitioner, who was popular among his patients. Contemporary academic colleagues respected him, but he was not known as an innovative researcher. Hence, Mayer did not influence modern psychosomatic medicine.