Abstract:
The menisci of the human knee joint are movable, fibrocartilaginous sockets. They play an outstanding role in the movement and the biomechanics of the knee joint. As a result of overstraining and degeneration there is a high rate of meniscal lesions which favour the emergence of a gonarthrosis.
The vascularization of the meniscus is limited to the peripheral third coated by synovium, whereas the remaining two thirds of the meniscal tissue are not connected to the blood care.
The missing vascularization in the inner thirds of the meniscus seems to be responsible for the missing endogenous healing in this area. It was the purpose of this study, therefore, to examine the effect of vessel-forming endothelial cells (HUVEC) on human meniscus-fibrochondrocytes within a co-culture on the healing improvement of meniscal damages.
The gene-expression-pattern of the fibrochondrocytes was examined in a co-culture as well as in a pure fibrochondrocytes-controlling-culture on different days by RT-PCR for various matrix proteins and inflammatory mediators.
The results of the study showed for none of the factors a significant change of expression and in the performed experiments the HUVEC do not have a, by RT-PCR recognizable, effect on the genetic expression of the meniscus cells. However, on the other hand, the comparison with results of other authors allows to conclude that the meniscus cells have not become a victim of de-differentiation during the whole study and may still be called fibrochondrocytes.
In addition within the fibrochondrocytes proteins were immunhistochemically stained to record the actual synthesis-pattern of the cells. Type-I-collagen, thereby, could be clearly identified.
Finally remains to note that not only the endothelial-cells are responsible for the ability of the outer meniscal circumference to regenerate, the healing ability must rather be an interaction of many different factors. Therefore, to fully understand the process of meniscal regeneration the relative contribution of all cell types and the effect of growth factors must be examined in further studies.