Abstract:
Germline mutations in the tumour suppressor genes CDKN2A and CDK4 play an important role in the development of malignant melanoma. Especially the CDKN2A gene does have importance as a melanoma susceptibility gene. The association between genetic variants in the genes CDKN2A and CDK4 and melanoma susceptibility is seen above all in familial melanoma patients.
To shed light on the role of these genes and their contribution to melanoma development in the German population, 207 melanoma patients were analysed for sequence variants with molecular genetic methods. Among these patients, based on pedigree analysis and clinical features, we defined three risk groups: Familial melanoma patients (43 patients), patients with multiple primary melanomas (19 patients) and patients with none of these two features (145 patients). Despite of these clinical features and the highly sensitivity of DHPLC mutational screening, no deleterious mutations could be detected in one of these genes. The lack of mutations implies that these genes do not contribute to melanoma disposition in this study group. As variants in CDK4 have only been detected in three families with high risk worldwide, this result is not surprising. Nevertheless, polymorphisms could be detected in all three exons of CDKN2A. These polymorphisms are mostly well known and do not contribute directly to melanoma disposition. They only have an effect on modulating disease development genetically. Disease-causing mutations can probably only be detected in families with high penetrance of the gene and therefore with a lot of affected members. The result of this study implies that other genes have to be involved in melanoma susceptibility.