Abstract:
Introduction: Due to increased use of catalysts the environmental concentration of PtCl4 has increased considerably. Activated platinum complexes, which are used in anti-tumor therapy, add to this problem. Although health hazards such as platinum asthma, secondary tumors, and primary cell damage due to treatment with activated platinum complexes have been described, there is lack of research about the long- and shor-term toxic effects of water-soluble platinum salts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the short- and long-term effects of watersoluble platinum to cell survival.
Method: Two established cell lines from both liver cells (Chang Liver, Hep.G 2) and kidney cells (OK, A-498) were investigated. The cell cultures were continously exposed to PtCl4 for either 24 hours or 72 hours. The long- and short-term cell vitality was measured with MTT test and NR test (Neutralrot test). Additionally, cloning efficiency and cell migration was measured.
Results: The results of the 24h MTT-test showed a significant reduction of the cell vitality, but no organ specifity was observed. The NR-test showed a reduction of cells only in the liver cell lines. No effects on kidney cell lines were observed. The 72h exposure of cells with PtCl4 showed a significant organ-specifity (ED50(72h)=60µg/ml PtCl4 for liver cells, ED50(l72h)=100µg/ml PtCl4 for kidney cells). Cell migration was diminished and cloning efficiency was reduced. Overall, the effect of the PtCl4 was more obvious for the liver cell lines than for the kidney cell lines.
Conclusion: The results indicate high in-vitro toxicity of the water-soluble platinum salts for the adjustment of the liver and kidney cells. The water-soluble platinum salts have similar effects than the active platinum complexes used in cancer treatment on liver- and kidney cells. Future research needs to explore the effects of water-soluble platinum salts on other organ systems in depth.