Abstract:
In numerous studies it could be shown that traumatic events can cause psychological disorders. Concerning the clarification of the physiological etiology of these clinical pictures the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis is of special interest. In our study we wanted to find out whether there can be observed an interrelation between the development of an acute mental stress reaction and the secretion of catecholamines and Cortisol even after accidents causing only a moderate degree of injury.
Therefore the 50 patients included in this study underwent a psychological and endocrinological examination which was performed within the first 24 hours after the accident. Standardized questionnaires (ASDS, PDEQ) were used as psychological measuring instruments. The catecholamine secretion as well as the cortisol secretion were measured in a 24-hours urinary collection. In addition, diurnal profiles of the cortisol concentration in saliva were measured on two following days.
The collective contained 40 male and ten female participants at an age of 18 to 67. The mean degree of injury was 5,64 (ISS-Score). Evaluating the psychological data it was found, that six of the patients could be diagnosed with an acute stress reaction due to the cut-off values for ASDS. In order to measure the degree of correlation between psychological stress reaction and endocrinological data, the collective was separated via ASDS-score into three demographically comparable groups with low, medium and high psychological stress. Regarding the secretion of noradrenalin and dopamine it was found a non-significant tendency towards higher values within the highly stressed group. A correlation between the intensity of the acute mental stress and the secretion of cortisol could not be proved true. Neither did the cortisol diurnal profiles show significant differences across the groups.
The initial hypothesis of a lowered cortisol secretion caused by higher mental stress after accidents causing moderate injury, as mentioned in the literature, could not be confirmed. Therefore for further studies it has to be postulated that the hormonic changes observed in patients with post-traumatic stress syndrome, only become manifest in the later posttraumatic course.