Abstract:
The exposure of blood to the artificial surfaces of cardiopulmonal bypass circuits, which, among others, are used during open heart surgery, induces an activation of both humoral and cellular components of the blood. One method to diminish these negative side effects of pathophysiological interactions is the surface coating of oxygenators, connectors and tube systems. It can be differentiated between biologically active or antithrombogenic coatings and biologically passive or nonthrombogenic coatings whose influences on the hemocompatibility of oxygenators are tested in this study in an in vitro cardiopulmonary bypass model.
Hollow fiber membrane oxygenators were used whose surfaces are coated on the one hand with heparin and on the other hand with polypeptides. As control group served non-coated oxygenators of the same type.
In addition, one group of oxygenators coated with polypeptides was aged quickly in order to find evidence concerning the durability of this biologically inert surface coating in comparison with the non-aged oygenators.
Moreover, the influence of the priming of polypeptide-coated oxygenators with a solution containing heparin before starting the recirculation was to be tested for a possible improvement of the biocompatibility of the surface.
For the evaluation of the hemocompatibility of the differently coated and modified surfaces of the oxygenators, various markers of the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathway as well as the inflammatory response were analysed.
The analysis of the results particularly showed the more positive influence of the heparin-coated oxygenators on the platelets which became obvious in a clearly less distinct thrombocytopenia as well as in an activation of platelets during recirculation. The protein ß-thromboglobulin released by activated platelets could also be proved in this group in significantly lower concentration. Furthermore, the contact of the blood with the heparin-coated surface of the oxygenators in comparison with the polypeptide-coated oxygenators led to a weaker inflammatory response, which was clearly recognizable in the concentration of the encyme PMN-Elastase contained in neutrophils.
In the face of the results found in this study, it can be presumed that the clinical use of heparin-coated oxygenators in extracorporal circulation procedures is more advantageous in comparison with the use of polypeptide-coated oxygenators. However, the polypeptide surface coating also showed better properties than the non-coated oxygenators and therefore could help to minimize the complications during and after the cardiopulmonal bypass.