Abstract:
Richard Koch (1882-1949) became known in the 1920s with works on basic medical theory. His academic work can be divided into three groups: firstly, the treatises on basic principles of medical action, the status of medicine in the philosophy of science and its relation to other disciplines, especially philosophy; secondly, the essays on the fundamentals of medicine with regard to natural philosophy; and, thirdly, the studies on the history of medicine and its role within medicine. Being Jewish, Koch had to leave Germany in 1936 and emigrated to the Soviet Union. Here he lived and worked as a physician in the caucasian spa Essentuki until 1949, the year he died. Besides scientific works, the literal result of this time was an autobiography, writings on religious topics, and an extensive correspondence. In his main work of the period of emigration which, like all works of this time, remained unpublished, Koch is putting the question for the organic seat of selfconsciousness. In Kochs understanding, the decisive organ is the lamina quadrigemina. According to this, he named his theory "Quadrigemina-Theory". Although he called it a kind of Dialectic Materialism, Koch was aware that this theory from the view of official soviet ideology was bearing problems. He was convinced, that the soviet sciences, claiming a mechanistic determinism, had become dogmatically rigid and had remained behind the political development. Koch intended the "Quadrigemina-Theory" to be the first step toward a foundation of a new biology which takes in account the new facts proven by the successful revolution. Like in every historical development, Koch sees also in the russian revolution an argument against determinism: historical events are in principle not predictable. Rather they are, besides fate or accident, a result of free human forming. The adaption of the theory of Dialectic Materialism to this realization should have been the task of the "Quadrigemina-Theory".