Abstract:
Richard Koch (1882-1949) became known in the 1920s with works on basic medical theory. His academic work can be divided into three groups: firstly, the treatises on basic principles of medical action, the status of medicine in the philosophy of science and its relation to other disciplines, especially philosophy; secondly, the essays on the fundamentals of medicine with regard to natural philosophy; and, thirdly, the studies on the history of medicine and its role within medicine. Being Jewish, Koch had to leave Germany in 1936 and emigrated to the Soviet Union. Here he lived and worked as a physician in the caucasian spa Essentuki until 1949, the year he died. Besides scientific works, the literal result of this time was an autobiography, writings on religious topics, and an extensive correspondence. From this is the letter to the historian of medicine, Henry E. Sigerist (1891-1957). In this letter Kochs mainly deals with three issues concerning the theory of medicine: firstly, the question for the feeling of historical periods in history of life, i.e. the question, with which periods of time we can feel biographically connected and how this feeling changes dependent of the length of a period; secondly, the related question for the role history, esp. history of medicine plays for medical practice and education. Thirdly, Koch deals with the question of the relation of positivistical knowledge of facts to philosophical reflexion, again with special consideration of problems of the theory of medical science. This touches the question of the status of medicine in theory of science: is medicine a science at all, i.e., a science in the sense of gaining knowledge for its own sake? Or is medicine rather a practical knowledge, an art in the antique sense?