Abstract:
Acoustic neuromas a.k.a vestibular schwannomas are benign tumors of the 8th cranial nerve, that account for approximately 3-8 % of all intracranial tumors. Further, they constitute the most frequent cerebellopontine neoplasms (70-80%). Microsurgical resection is still the primary treatment modality, though in recent years stereotactic radiosurgery could be established as an alternative. Tumor control rates in radiosurgery equal recurrence rates in surgery, as an advantage mortality and post-therapeutic morbidity rates in radiosurgery are significantly lower. Informations concerning post-therapeutic quality of life are of special importance for the individual decision-making of the patient. Due to the discussed lower morbidity after radiosurgery, differences in post-therapeutic individual quality of life can be expected, too. A possibility to measure quality of life in a standardised way that enables comparison with other patient groups, represents the use of standardised questionnaires like SF-36 or EQ-5D. In this study, we focused on the comparison of post-therapeutic quality of life between microsurgery and radiosurgery, measured by EQ-5D and SF-36, with the additional inclusion of clinical-functional parameters. In our study, we included 52 patients, 4 to 6 years after diagnosis and after microsurgical (transtemporal approach) (n = 42) or radiosurgical therapy (n = 10) of a unilateral acoustic neuroma. Besides the measurement of quality of life, perioperative symptom changes and complications were recorded according to anamnesis or clinical findings. Pre- and posttherapeutic pure tone audiograms were analyzed as well. In addition, the group of microsurgically treated patients (n = 42) was divided in 2 subgroups for the evaluation of certain prognostic factors (tumor size and tumor localisation).
After therapy there was a general decrease of clinical-functional parameters. Differences between both therapy modes were slight and non-significant. A lower morbidity after radiotherapy, which is discussed in literature, could not be confirmed. The most important complications of radiotherapy were a loss of sufficient facial nerve function in 40 % of cases and a loss of social hearing in 60-65 %. Due to different group sizes (n = 42 vs. n = 10) statistical evaluation was difficult. A higher incidence of complications after therapy indirectly leads to a lower post-therapeutic quality of life. In the group of microsurgically treated patients there was a significant lower quality of life in 6 of 8 SF-36 health concepts compared to a standardized norm population. The comparison of quality of life of primary radiation and operation (according to SF-36 and EQ-5D) showed statistically comparable values without any significant differences. Therefore, one must also expect a significantly reduced quality of life (compared to a standardized norm population) in the group of radiosurgically treated patients. In our study, prognostic factors like tumor localisation and size had no significant impact on quality of life or functional complications. For the first time, our study compared quality of life between microsurgery and radiosurgery of the acoustic neuroma by the standardised questionnaire SF-36. The study also represents the first use of SF-36 in a sufficiently big patient cohort (n = 42) of exclusively transtemporally resected acoustic neuromas.