Abstract:
PURPOSE: To evaluate parameters that optimize the reconstruction of rotational angiograms for clinical applications.
METHOD/MATERIALS: A phantom model with an artificial vessel system filled with pure contrast agent was used to create rotational angiograms with different parameter settings: rotation times of 5s, 8s or 14s; image intensifier of 33cm or 22cm, high or low radiation dose.
The obtained angiograms were then reconstructed on a workstation (3D-Virtuoso Siemens) using another set of different parameters: matrix size 128x128, 256x256, 512x512; voxel size 0,05-1,0mm.
Finally, the images were evaluated using the same threshold level with regard to resolution, artifacts, surface quality, contrast and reconstruction time.
RESULTS: The visualized volumes of rotational angiograms with long rotational times (14s), higher dose and a matrix size of 512 x 512 were superior. The highest resolution and the smoothest surface was obtained using a high matrix (512x512), a small voxel size (0,05mm) and the 22cm image intensifier. A short rotational time, voxels larger than 0.5 mm and a small matrix (256 x 256) resulted in short reconstruction times. Long rotational times with small voxel sizes and a matrix of 512 x 512 shortened the postreconstruction rendering time.
CONCLUSION: For pre-therapeutic, diagnostic purposes a rotation time of 5 sec. and a high dose is most useful. In order to demonstrate larger (longer) vessel segments a matrix of 256x256 should be deployed, for smaller sections (e.g. intracranial aneurysm) a matrix of 128x128 is sufficient. In order to demonstrate vessel segments in close vicinity to bony structures an for preoperative planning, long rotation times (8sec, 14sec.) should be used for better spatial understanding and facilitated distinction between bone and vessel.
The rotational angiography is an important advancement for the diagnosis and planning of endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Its meaningfulness diagnostic value is higher than that of conventional 2D angiography with minimal use of radiation dose and contrast agent if acquisition and reconstruction parameters are set effectively.
It remains to be seen, to what extent its application can be expanded to the demonstration of vessels that are in the peripheral, cardiac, pelvine and renal region, and also if it is suitable for 3D cholangiographies, 3D dacryocystographies and as a substitute for 2D radiography.
With the continuous advancement of hardware and software development, the next step following 3D-rotational angiography will be 4D-angiography that has dynamic flow analysis using an additional temporal resolution in combination with the spatial resolution of the 3D-rotational angiography.