Abstract:
Transcobalamin II (TC II) is the relevant vitamin B12-binding protein. Through TC II only, the cobalamin, circulating in the bloodstream, becomes biologically available. Therefore TC II is gaining more and more importance in the diagnostics of vitamin B12 deficiency. Moreover, the existing methods to determine vitamin B12 show weaknesses and lead to false diagnoses. In order to use TC II as a diagnostic parameter, a suitable laboratory test is required.
The provided thesis compares the new Holo TC RIA (Axis Shield) with the ADVIA Centaur’s testkit for vitamin B12 (Bayer) and with the urinary excretion (Schilling) test. All three can be used in the diagnostics of vitamin B12 deficiency. The Holo TC RIA is evaluated for the test quality as well as its feasibility in the standard laboratory according to various criteria. This also includes the determination of the reference interval for TC II-bound vitamin B12.
The investigation was based on 119 blood samples from patients (University Hospital Tübingen) as well as 112 blood samples from donators (Blood bank Tübingen).
We determined the following precision values, which are also accepted for other laboratory paramters: intra-assay-standard deviations of 3,28 pmol/l (freezer storage), 5,31 pmol/l (refridgerator storage) and 4,67 pmol/l (storage at room teperature), respectively. The inter-assay-standard deviation was 3,13 pmol/l with a total standard deviation of 6 pmol/l. We considered the precision of the Holo TC RIA as sufficient.
As the test is not automated yet, it has to be attended to a standardised performance of the analyses. In addition to execution, the time and the temperature of sample storage have effects on the results. But the latter are only important when having very long storage times which are, however, not seen in daily practice.
The reference interval for TC II-bound vitamin B12 in serum or plasma was determined by three different calculation methods. It reaches from 20 to 90 mol/l in men. Women show concentrations of TC II-bound vitamin B12 which are in average 13 pmol/l lower than in men.
As shown in the presented method comparison of the Holo TC RIA and the vitamin B12 testkit for the ADVIA Centaur about 20 to 25% of the vitamin B12, circulating in the bloodstream, are bound to TC II. No linear relationship between TC II-bound vitamin B12 and total vitamin B12 was found. Therefore it is not recommended to transform the aforementioned values by using a conversion factor. The direct determination of TC II-bound vitamin B12 is indicated to come up with proper therapeutic procedures.
The comparison of the Holo TC RIA with the Schilling test as the reference method using blood samples of 14 probands showed the following: If the value for TC II-bound vitamin B12 was determined within the new reference interval, the Schilling test was normal, too (specifity of 100%). On the other side the sensitivity of the Holo TC RIA was reduced to 50%.
Altogether, the new Holo TC RIA is a suitable laboratory test to determine TC II-bound vitamin B12. The application of this test in the diagnostics of vitamin B12 deficiency might be less useful in patients suffering from several diseases such as liver and kidney malfunction as well as lymphoproliferative disorders as these may lead to increased levels of TC II-bound vitamin B12.