Abstract:
Background: Increasing drug resistance limits the choice of efficacious chemotherapy against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Africa. Amodiaquine still retains efficacy against P. falciparum in many African countries. For this reason Amodiaquine was combined with the new an effective drug Artesunate in our study. We assessed the safety, treatment efficacy, and effect on gametocyte carriage of this drug combination in an double blind, placebo controlled and randomised trial in Lambaréné, Gabon from 1999 to 2000.
Methodes: We enrolled 220 children who were 10 years or older and who had uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. Patients were randomly assigned amodiaquine (10 mg/kg per day for 3 days) plus artesunate (4 mg/kg per day for 3 days) or amodiaquine (as above) and placebo (for 3 days). The primary endpoints were parasitological cure rates at days 14 and 28. Results were interpreted in sense of the per protocol analysis.
Results: Both regimens were well tolerated. Two patients in the amodiaquine-artesunate group (D0 and D1) and five in the amodiaquine-placebo group (D0, D1 and D2) developed early, possibly drug-induced vomiting. The reporting of any symptom (weakness, headache, dizziness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea) within the first week and during follow-up was similar between the groups. In the amodiaquine-artesunat group in 62 children and in the amodiaquine-placebo group 65 children. There were four serious adverse events. One child had asthma, one convulsed, one vomited recurrently, and one child developed gastroenteritis. Apart from the vomiting recurrently, all serious adverse events were regarded as unrelated to study drugs. The day 14 cure rate was for the amodiaquin-artesunate group 91/91 (100%), for the amodiaquine-placebo group 85/87 (97,7%) (2,3% [-5,7 - 5,1], p=0,15). On day 28 cure rate was 83/88 (94,3%) in the amodiaqine-artesunate group and 75/88 (85,2%) in the amodiaquine-placebo group (9,1 % [0,2 - 17,9], p=0,044).