Abstract:
Similar to other malignomas, years have been spent searching for the marker genes of breast cancer which, if isolated, would enable the detection of disseminated tumour cells. The disseminated tumour cells indicate a systematic spreading of the main disease, which signifies an increased risk of metastases and relapse.
The aim is to identify patients who need an aggressive adjuvant therapy from those who do not.
Maspin, Mammaglobin, Cytoceratin (CK20) and Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) have been discussed as potential marker genes in literature. Time and time again though, these reports have proved to be false positive results in healthy control persons.
To date no specific marker gene for breast cancer is known.
In this study we examined the suitability of the above mentioned marker genes for the detection of disseminated tumour cells in bone marrow aspirates of 80 female patients with breast cancer in different stages, with nested-RT-PCR
PCR primers and reaction conditions were determined by the examination of native breast caner tissues and two different breast cancer cell lines.
Tumour free lymph nodes of patients with melanoma were used as the negative controls.
The intact structure of the extracted RNA was then confirmed by the amplification of the two house-keeping genes, beta-2 MG and PBGD.
Specific transcripts of all four markers were detected in the breast cancer tissue and all the cell lines, but not in the lymph node negative controls.
Of the patients tested, transcripts of Maspin were detected in 24 cases (30%), Mammaglobin in 2 cases (2.5%), CK20 in 35 cases (44%) and CEA in 35 cases (89%).
There was no correlation between the transcripts found and the determined tumour stages.
Of six patients with manifest metastases, one showed a transcript of Maspin, and two showed transcripts of Mammaglobin, one showed a transcript of CK20 and transcripts of CEA were detected in four of them.
The differences in the results for the patients with manifest metastases to the collective group were not significant.
It is not clear if these results would show a clearer correlation between the detection of marker genes, and metastases/relapses for breast cancer after a longer period of observation. It is important to add that longer periods of observation without adjuvant therapy are not allowed due to ethical reasons.
In conclusion, it can be said that no specific recommendation for any of the four examined marker genes can be given.
Therefore the use of molecular biological methods for the detection of tumour cell dissemination has to be viewed in a very critical manner to date.