Abstract:
Monocytes as professional antigen-presenting cells are involved in degradation of phagocytosed material as well as in presentation of protein fragments as antigens. These processes depend on cathepsins which are localised not only in lysosomes, but also in endosomal compartments. In order to examine the distribution of cathepsins B, L and S among these compartments, expression and activity of these enzymes were determined in subcellular fractions of human monocytes/macrophages freshly isolated from buffy coats or cultured in the presence of interferon-gamma (100 U/ml).
The results demonstrate that in freshly isolated monocytes, endosomal cathepsin activities were several-fold higher than lysosomal cathepsin activities. In contrast to this, control cells after 72 h of culture exhibited highest cathepsin activities in the lysosomal fraction. 72 h of interferon-gamma treatment resulted in the same endosomal/lysosomal distribution pattern, but in different changes of the enzyme activities in these compartments. Upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and cathepsins B, L and S in addition to cystatin C, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor, was found upon interferon-gamma-treatment. The activity of cathepsin B was increased in the lysosomal fraction to a higher degree than in the endosomal fraction. In contrast to this, endosomal activities of cathepsins L and S were increased to 150 % and 167 %, respectively, whereas they were unchanged or slightly reduced in the lysosomal fraction. These results suggest that cathepsins L and S play a major role in specific proteolysis related to antigen presentation. Under the influence of interferon-gamma, cathepsin B may be relevant for unspecific proteolysis of phagocytosed material.
These findings may indicate that interferon-gamma does not only stimulate antigen presentation mediated by major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, but also adapts expression, activity and intracellular localisation of the enzymes involved in intracellular proteolysis to the functional requirements.