Abstract:
In the following study, several different methods for the detection of anti-neutrophil-cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) were compared with each other and the prevalence of these antibodies in various diseases (autoimmune liver diseases, vasculitis) as well as their association with other serological markers was examined. Microslides with granulocytes from 10 different persons were made and tested with the immunofluorescence test (IFL); furthermore, different methods of fixation (ethanol vs. methanol and formalin) were examined. The patient’s serums were further tested in ELISA and Western blot for granulocytes. Granulocytes could only be isolated in two of the ten donors, which were then suitable for the detection of ANCA in the immunofluoresence test (IFL). Fixation with methonal produced more reiterable results than fixation with ethanol or formaldehyde. ANCA with a perinuclear fluorescent pattern (pANCA) were observed mostly in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), autoimmune hepatitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and vasculitis; a cytoplasmic fluorescent pattern (cANCA) was observed primarily in patients with primary-biliariy cirrhosis and Wegener’s granulomatosis. Under standardised test conditions, the prevalence of ANCA in PSC stood at 79%, in AIH at 73%, and in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases at 56% and 86% for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis respectively. 87% of the PBC patients were AMA-positive; 40% showed a cANCA pattern. These patients had a significant, more frequently heightened IgM and total bilirubin level than those patients who were ANCA-negative. The ELISA with granulocytes was not suitable for the detection of ANCA. In the examination of patient serums with Western blot, two determinants were identified at 35 and 95kD that reacted with specific serums from patients with PSC and ulcerative colitis. These results demonstrated on the one hand the problems associated with the standardisation of the detection of ANCA, however, on the other hand, these results verify that, with the help of a well established test system, the detection of pANCA or cANCA offers a useful parameter in the diagnosis not only of vasculitis but also of autoimmune liver diseases. The detection of identical determinants with Western blot in patients with PSC and ulcerative colitis indicates an antigen complex common to both, and therefore potentially indicates a pathogenetic mechanism common to both illnesses. The detection of ANCA with an atypical cytoplasmic pattern in patients with PBC that do not appear to correlate with known AMA-specificities could indicate an additional cytoplasmic antigen/antibody complex in connection with this illness that possibly correlates with illness activity. A further identification of the target antigen of ANCA would therefore be an important step towards the classification of its diagnostic and aetiopathogenetic relevance.