Abstract:
After transection of the optic nerve (ON), the majority of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) degenerate and die within two weeks. This neuronal cell death is mainly apoptotic. Increased intraoccular levels of neurotrophins are able to augment the number of surviving RGCs. There is growing evidence that neurotrophins also have neurotoxic features. One of them brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) upregulates nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and thereby counteracts its beneficial action. Inhibiting the production of nitric oxide by applying a free radical scavenger elevates the neuroprotective effects of BDNF treatment.
Intracerebral concentrations of nitric oxide are predominantly regulated by the activity of its producing enzyme, the nitric oxide synthase. A protein inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (PIN) is able to reduce the amounts of NOS-produced NO. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential neuroprotective role of PIN in RGCs after axotomy.
Comparison between PIN expression in axotomized and control retina of adult rats was performed using mRNA probes and monoclonal antibodies in order to characterize morphologically retinal distribution of PIN mRNA and protein respectively. The quantitative and temporal translation and expression pattern of PIN was examined by means of semi-quantitative PCR, online PCR, and Western blot. The spatial protein expression of PIN and NOS within the various layers of the retina was shown in colocalization studies.
Both the axotomized retinae (AR) and the control retinae (CR) yield the highest PIN mRNA-levels in both the retinal ganglion cell layer (RGL) and the inner nuclear layer (INL). An elevated PIN mRNA-level in the RGL of the AR, as compared to the CR, is not detectable. Compared to the results of the in situ hybridization, quantitative determination of the mRNA-levels of AR and CR at 6h, 12h, 1d, 3d and 6d after axotomy by PCR display no significant upregulation of the AR PIN expression. Both PIN and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) proteins were found in RGC of AR and CR in immunhistological colocalization studies. Western blot experiments do not indicate an enhanced protein level of PIN in the AR. The results of the present study did not confirm an increase of PIN in axotomized retinae neither on the mRNA nor on the protein level.