Abstract:
Upon an infection antigen specific T cells expand and clear the pathogen.
Afterwards, 95 of the specific cells die. It is not clear, which cells will
form the T cell memory. One possibility is, that high avidity T cells survive,
because they had been thoroughly stimulated, whereas the others die, or, the
high avidity cells are exhausted and die, whereas the low avidity cells survive.
In this thesis a mouse model is introduced, where this can be studied.
High and low avidity T cells do not differ in cytotoxicity, blast formation
and activation marker upregulation, except that the the low avidity ones show
a decreased kinetics of CD25 upregulation and proliferation in vitro. In vivo
the high avidity cells take over the immune response, whereas the low avidity
cells vanish rapidly from the host. Therefore only high avidity T cells can
form T cell memory.
The second part of this thesis deals with an experimental autoimmune
encephalomyelitis (EAE)-mouse model of multiple sclerosis.
The autoimmune response could be visualized with newly provided MHC II-tetramers
for the first time. Specific CD4+ T cells expand in the draining lymphnodes and
express several activation markers at the same time. Following decreasing
numbers of specific T cells in the draining lymphnodes, migration of T cells,
among them the specific ones, into the central nervous system could be
detected, whereas no changing cell numbers could be observed in the spleen.
Detection of specific T cells in the brain parallels the induction of symptoms.
However, in previously immunized mice that did not get symptoms at that time,
T cell numbers are already high upon secondary immunization.