Abstract:
Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a physiologic process, which is involved in various processes such as embryologic development, homeostasis, immune-regulation or tumor regression. Members of the TNFa-family play a key role the induction of apoptosis. Five of the receptors (TNF-R, TRAIL-R1, TRAIL R2, TRAMP and CD95/Apo-1) are characterized by an intracellular death domain, which is necessary for the transmission of the apoptotic signal to the nucleus. Other members of this receptor family (TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4) lack an intracellular death domain, they are thought to have a protective function.
RANK, the membrane-bound receptor for RANKL, also lacks a death domain, but activates NF-kB. The ligands of the emerging TNFa-family (TNF a, CD95-L, TRAIL and RANKL) bind to the corresponding receptor and, by trimerization of the receptor, activate the intracellular apoptosis effector-pathway. Mutations in some of the molecules mentioned here have been identified as pathoethiologic substrate of diverse lymphoproliferative syndromes.
The results of this thesis show, that RANKL plays an important role in Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. For induction of apoptosis CEM und PBMC were incubated with 1 mM Doxorubicin. The detection of apoptosis by FACS showed, that 50-60% of the incubated cells had undergone apoptosis within 12 hours. rRANKL, rTRAIL, acivating aCD95 mAb and Staurosporin were also capable of inducing apoptosis in different degrees. TRAIL, TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2, TRAIL-R3, TRAMP, CD95, CD95-L and RANKL were detectable on the level of RNA in CEM as well as in PBMC under resting conditions. CD95-L and RANKL were up-regulated in the presence of Doxorubicin with a maximum after 4-6- hours, whereas the expression of TRAIL and the receptors was not affected by the incubation with an anthracycline. In PBMC up-regulation was only detected in the case of RANKL, expression of CD95-L remained constant. TRAIL-R3, in contrast to other publications, was also detectable in maligna