Abstract:
In the present study we could identify new functions of the Serum Response Factor (SRF) during the development of neuronal networks:
Within manuscript 1 (Stritt et al., 2009) we compare gene expression on a genome-wide level between brains of wildtype and SRF-deficient mice. Analysis of the GeneChips revealed that genes, associated with myelination and differentiation of oligodendrocytes, were strongly downregulated in Srf mutants. We therefore concluded that axonal myelination and oligodendrocyte differentiation might be affected in Srf mutants. Indeed, we could in vivo and in vitro observe severe defects in myelination and oligodendrocyte differentiation, both, in Srf mutants, as well as in SRF-deficient cultures. Thus, we uncovered a new role of SRF in regulating myelination and oligodendrocyte differentiation during brain development. We identified CTGF (connective tissue growth factor) - an insulin growth factor binding protein, that can be secreted by neurons - to be regulated by SRF. Altogether, our results showed, that neuronal SRF can regulate myelination and oligodendrocyte differentiation in a paracrine manner, by transcriptionally regulating Ctgf, whose gene product can affect Insulin signaling and can counteract IGF1 (insulin growth factor1)-stimulated oligodendrocyte differentiation.
In manuscript 2 (Stern et al., 2009) of the present work we could show, that actin not only functions in neurons as a part of the cytosceleton, but is also actively functioning as a signal mediator, involved in SRF-dependent gene expression, that leads to neuronal motility.
In manuscript 3 (Stritt and Knöll, 2009) of this work we identified new functions of SRF in hippocampal development. Immunohistological studies revealed that SRF regulates hippocampal lamination, dendritic branching and dendritic spine number. As these phenotypes observed in Srf mutants resemble mice lacking components of the Reelin signaling cascade, we analysed a potential interaction between SRF and Reelin signaling. In support of such an interaction, our data indicate that SRF influences location of Reelin-expressing cells. We also observed that Reelin can activate SRF-dependent gene transcription.
Additionally, we could show that Reelin and SRF act together in regulating neurite outgrowth, with SRF being a mediator of Reelin-induced neurite outgrowth.