Abstract:
Organic semiconductors (OSCs) represent a rapidly advancing class of materials of great importance to the field of optoelectronics because of their unique properties and functionalities. The utilization of thin films of organic semiconductors has become pervasive within the domain of organic optoelectronics, with devices such as organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and organic solar cells serving as notable exemplars. A crucial aspect of the fabrication of optoelectronic devices based on organic small molecules is the understanding of the growth and the post-growth effects in thin films of these molecules, since the performance of thin-film-based devices depends on the characteristics of the thin film. The combination of organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD) and high vacuum conditions is of high priority during the fabrication of organic thin films, as it allows for the precise control of growth and the production of high-quality films for device applications. One of the factors that can negatively impact the performance of a given material despite its suitability in terms of electrical and optical properties is the dewetting of the produced film. Consequently, the study of thin film growth and the post-growth effects, along with its structural and optical properties, is of significant interest not only to the scientific community but also to industrial implementation.
Thin films composed of π-conjugated organic molecules have attracted considerable attention in the field of organic optoelectronics. Thiadiazolo-heteroacenes, which are distinguished by their robust and adjustable absorption spectra and effective charge transport properties, are emerging as promising candidates for these technologies. It is anticipated that chemical modifications, particularly those that incorporate a heavy Se atom and thus expand the π-conjugation, will allow fine-tuning of the optical characteristics and influence the structural configurations via the heavy-atom effect and additional interactions. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the growth mechanisms of thin films and optical properties of such compounds is pivotal for the advancement of future applications.
The present work reveals the growth behavior and the post-growth effects in thin films of dibenzoselenadiazoloquinoxaline (dbSeQ), a new organic semiconductor, thin films of which tend to dewet on Si/SiOx substrates. To overcome this limiting feature, we deposited thin films of dbSeQ in combination with well-studied organic semiconductors, namely, diindenoperylene (DIP) and pentacene (PEN) at room and low substrate temperatures (RT and LT, respectively).
Using X-ray scattering techniques, i.e. grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and X-ray reflectivity (XRR), we characterized the growth and the annealing of thin films in situ in real time. The combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM), grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), PL spectroscopy (PL) and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis) provides additional important information about the morphology, structure and optical properties of the deposited films ex situ.
These results are of great importance for understanding the growth of organic semiconductors incorporating fused 1,2,5-selenadiazoles and the factors that influence it, which can be used for the future development of thin film-based devices.