Abstract:
This dissertation examines Palaeolithic human dynamics in the Megalopolis Basin, Greece, a region at the crossroads of Africa, Asia, and Europe, through the study of lithic assemblages. Lithics, as the most durable traces of prehistoric behaviour, provide key evidence for adaptive strategies, mobility, and technological decision-making. The research integrates techno-typological analysis, experimental knapping, and raw material studies, situating artefacts within reduction systems and ecological constraints. The first objective, to characterise survey assemblages and establish chrono-cultural attributions, was addressed through the analysis of lithics collected in the basin (Article I). Results indicate that industries, largely based on radiolarite, are poorly represented in the Lower Palaeolithic apart from Marathousa 1, whereas the Middle Palaeolithic is well attested with prepared core technologies and Mousterian toolkits. The Upper Palaeolithic is most prominently represented at Kavia Cave, where endscrapers, burins, bladelets, and carinated forms suggest Aurignacian affinities. This diachronic framework highlights the basin as an area of long-term occupation. To address the second objective, the study reconstructed technological behaviour at Marathousa 1, a Lower Palaeolithic site whose assemblage provides exceptional evidence for this period in Greece (Article II). The analysis focused on flakes, retouched tools, and heavily reduced cores. Raw material data indicate that radiolarite was exploited mainly on site, while other materials were largely imported as finished artefacts. Experimental knapping demonstrates that freehand reduction predominated in flake production, although bipolar percussion was essential for opening pebbles and maximising exploitation. The assemblage reflects a small tool technological system, with close parallels at Eurasian sites. The third objective, to investigate raw material procurement and performance, was pursued through mapping, sampling, experimental knapping, statistical modelling, and mechanical testing (Article III). The results show that although radiolarite is abundant, its quality is highly variable. Nearby secondary deposits were preferentially used, as experimental knapping confirmed their viability despite inconsistencies, while mechanical tests further highlighted performance variability. Overall, accessibility rather than quality structured procurement, pointing to micro raw material circuits within the basin. By integrating diachronic evidence, technological strategies, and raw material studies, this dissertation situates the Megalopolis Basin as a reference point for understanding small tool traditions, procurement systems, and the diversity of Palaeolithic adaptations in southeastern Europe.