Abstract:
Hybrid quantum systems combine the advantages of their individual systems and
are essential components of a comprehensive quantum network. One possible re-
alization of such a platform consists of superconducting circuits as quantum gates,
ultracold atoms as quantum memories and photons as flying qubits for quantum
communication. The connection between superconducting and atomic qubits can be
established by a microwave resonator in combination with highly excited Rydberg
states. Quantum information can be converted between the quantum memory and
the communication channel by appropriate light fields. In this work, fundamental
properties of the interface between superconducting circuits, highly excited Rydberg
atoms and the ground state atoms are experimentally investigated. For the first
time, a coherent coupling of Rydberg atoms - which were trapped on an integrated
superconducting atom chip - to a coplanar waveguide resonator was demonstrated.
Rubidium atoms were trapped near the surface of the chip, individually excited into
a Rydberg state and Rabi oscillations driven by the resonator between two Rydberg
states were observed. Inhomogeneous electric stray fields near the surface - caused,
among other things, by adsorption of rubidium atoms on the chip - were effectively
used to localize the excitation into a thin sheet, thus reducing dephasing by the inho-
mogeneous microwave field of the resonator. A pair of Rydberg states could also be
found in the field, whose measurement signals could be clearly separated from each
other despite the only partially state-selective measurement method. The data was
analyzed using an extensive numerical simulation of the Rydberg atoms in external
fields. The extreme polarizability of the Rydberg atoms also made it possible to gain
more precise insights into the stray fields. The dynamics of a charge accumulation
in the gap between the conductors of the resonator, which causes a changing elec-
tric field at the location of the atom trap, could be identified. In addition, a purely
optical measurement method was tested to determine the coherence of a Rydberg
excitation. Based on a simulation of the temporal evolution of the density matrix of
the system with effective decay rates, a decoherence mechanism in the experiment
could be identified, which led to a rapid dephasing of the Rydberg excitation.