Abstract:
Primarily, this doctoral thesis discusses the use of a Switched-Capacitor Array (SCA) as an alternative readout electronics
for electric signals. Readout electronics is required for example in Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) or high-energy physics.
To achieve best results from an SCA, some calibrations are mandatory, which are extensively evaluated in this work.
In this respect, the Domino Ring Sampler of the Fourth generation (DRS4) is investigated in detail.
The DRS4 is an SCA and was developed 2007 in Switzerland at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). An SCA is basically
a ring buffer that stores analog signals very fast in a row. These can be read out at any time in order to digitize the stored signals.
Consequently an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) sampling in the Megahertz range can be converted into a digitizing
system sampling in the Gigahertz
range by utilizing an SCA in front of the ADC. Moreover, an SCA distinguishes itself by its favorable cost per channel, the
low power consumption and thus the low heat development.
In the course of this work developing a new Time Calibration (TC) for SCAs was of of great interest.
The new TC-method led to considerable improvement in the time resolution of the DRS4.
The time resolution describes the accuracy to determine the temporal distance between two electric signals.
Prior to my research,
the best TC was offered by the company CAEN from Italy. As a result of this work, the time resolution of the DRS4 improved at least by the
factor of 8. Additionally, a time resolution of less than 1 picosecond was reached, which impressively shows the measurement precision
of an SCA. The achievement of this excellent time resolution is the result of a special analysis procedure, the cross correlation.
Caused by the improved measurement precision of the DRS4,
comparative measurements with other readout electronics solutions became accessible.
In addition, new and old technologies are discussed for the analysis of PET signals. At the same time, the main focus was to
improve time resolution and simplifying the analysis procedure for PET.