Abstract:
Psychological stress at work acts as a stressor on employees and can result in psychological and physical illnesses if it lasts longer and exceeds the capacities and resources of the individual, resulting in high costs for the individual, the economy, but also the society. In order to be able to prevent these negative effects, experts need sufficient knowledge about psychosocial stress factors, risks and resources in the workplace. SMEs make up the majority of all companies worldwide and employ more than 60% of all workers, so research on them is of central importance. Due to their structure, they have fewer human and financial resources for managing sickness absence and also for occupational health and safety management, which could prevent such absence. In order to develop effective interventions for SMEs to prevent psychosocial risks, researchers need reliable evidence on psychological factors. As there is evidence that mental health risks and resources in SMEs differ from those in large companies, the aim of this literature review was to assess and categorize the current state of research on psychosocial factors in SMEs with well- established methods. A systematic database search of PubMed, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, and Business Source Premiere between March and June 2019, updated in January 2020, detected 116 studies for full-text analysis. Of these, data from 45 studies were analyzed and the psychological factors identified were classified into five domains: "work content and task," "work organization," "social relationships”,"work environment," and "new forms of work", according to GDA (Beck et al.(2014), p.17-19). Furthermore, the economic sectors and outcomes examined were identified and analyzed. With the results of this review, a need for more and qualitatively better research on psychosocial factors in SMEs was identified, especially on current and new challenges that (will) arise with increasing digitalization and the transformation to a "green economy". Similarly, more attention should be paid to changing working conditions and the associated psychosocial risks in the face of changing climatic conditions and associated health hazards, such as pandemic situations.