Abstract:
Genetic variants have been identified for many different epilepsy syndromes and understanding their pathomechanisms may lead to targeted therapies in epilepsy. In patients with GEFS+, GGE, DEE and focal epilepsies, variants in the presynaptic protein STX1B were discovered. STX1B as SNARE-protein is part of the vesicle fusion machinery responsible for neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft. STX1B, but not its homologue STX1A, is crucial for neuronal development and postnatal survival. In functional studies in zebra fish larvae with stx1b-knockdown and neuronal cultures with STX1B variants reduced expression, altered protein interactions and increased fever sensibility were detected. However, an effect on synaptic transmission was not observed up to now. We relied on a Stx1b+/-mouse model and acute hippocampal brain slices to examine naturally grown neurons. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was employed to study inhibitory and excitatory synaptic input in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Additionally, multi-unit network activity was recorded in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions. We could not find physiologically relevant differences for the recorded mIPSC and mEPSC. However, we did find a longer duration of up-states in Stx1b+/--mice demonstrating an increased excitability. As these results come from only small numbers, they need to be confirmed by further investigations. In conclusion, we do complement former studies conducted in neuronal cultures and find that a simple impact on synaptic input is not the sole cause for the patients’ epilepsy. Further research may concentrate on different induced fever models, steric effects of mutated STX1B and network effects.