Abstract:
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) nasal type, is an aggressive lym-phoma associated with EBV infection, highly prevalent in Asian and Latin American populations with characteristic clinicopathological features. Several studies in Asian ENKTCL cohorts have identified the most common recurrent somatic mutations in STAT3, STAT5B, JAK3, DDX3X, TP53, MGA, MSN and BCOR; however, the genomic landscape in the ENKTCL is still incomplete and the mutation status in cases from Latin America remains to be investigated. The main objective of this study was to investigate the mutation landscape in a cohort of ENKTCL cases from Latin America (Mexico, Peru and Argentina), to compare it with Asian cohorts and to investigate EBV strain type and LMP1 gene status. We analyzed 71 cases of ENKTCL from 3 different centers in Lat-in America. Hematoxylin staining (H&E), CD56 and EBER in situ hybridization were performed to confirm the diagnosis and calculate the tumor content in all cases. Sequencing of the most frequently mutated genes was performed using NGS workflow based on a custom AmpliSeq panel. In addition, EBV strain type classification and LMP1 deletion at 30 bp was carried out by PCR. Mutations affecting the JAK-STAT pathway were the most frequent mutation anomaly fol-lowed by MSN (10 cases, 14%). STAT3 was the most frequently mutated gene (16 cases, 22%), while other members of the JAK-STAT pathway, STAT5B (one case) and JAK3 (2 cases), were rarely identified. All STAT3 mutations were activating mutations, located within the SH2 domain, leading to expres-sion of pSTAT3 evidenced by immunohistochemistry. Inactivating mutations in BCOR and DDX3X were found in 9 (13%) and 6 (8.5%) cases, respectively. TP53 mutations were identified in only 6 cases (8.5%). Interestingly, mutations in STAT3, BCOR and DDX3X were mutually exclusive, indicating the key role of JAK-STAT, NOTCH and cell cycle signaling pathways. EBV type A with the wild-type LMP1 gene (53/71; 75%) was the most common genotype in all cas-es, while EBV type B with LMP1 deletion was detected only in 3 Mexican cas-es. The ENKTCL mutation status in Latin America showed frequent STAT3-activating mutations. Furthermore, EBV type A with LMP1 wild-type was the most common strain found in this cohort. However, none of these variables affected overall survival. Finally, the ENKTCL mutation landscape of Latin America was comparable to that of Asian cohorts.