Abstract:
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a significant medical challenge affecting more than 200 million people worldwide. It will become even more significant due to the improved life expectancy in modern populations. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the overall most common form of UI, defined as a “complaint of involuntary loss of urine on effort or physical exertion including sporting activities, or on sneezing or coughing”. The major problem with this condition is that the quality of life of those affected deteriorates. Current treatment options of conservative treatments or surgical procedures often fail to result in permanent healing because they do not address the underlying pathology of urethral sphincter deficiency. Therefore, cell therapy emerged as a new treatment option for SUI, with adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) and myogenic progenitor cells (MPCs) being the most investigated cell types.
In the first project, a novel cell injection technology, the waterjet technology, was investigated and compared to the state-of-art technology of needle injections. Two different experiments were conducted. Publication 1 analyzed the influence of the waterjet technique on several cell characteristics. It demonstrated that injection via waterjet did not affect the cells’ viability, surface markers, differentiation, and attachment capabilities. However, the biomechanical properties were significantly reduced after injection, possibly requiring further development. Publication 2 focused on injecting MPCs into the urethra of porcine cadaveric tissue and living healthy pigs. This study showed that viable MPCs were delivered more precisely, rapidly, and with a wider distribution by waterjet than needle injections.
The second project focused on comparing well-characterized MPCs to ADSCs injected into a urethral sphincter insufficiency in large animal models. For this purpose, MPC isolation, production, and characterization were optimized in Publication 3. Furthermore, in Publication 4, the urethral sphincter insufficiency in the large animal model pig was validated over a follow-up period of five weeks in landrace pigs. The transfer of the incontinence induction via balloon dilatation and electrocautery to Göttingen minipigs failed due to their rapid recovery after incontinence induction. In Publication 5, the regeneration potential of the improved MPCs and ADSCs was investigated by needle injection into incontinent landrace pigs. After five weeks, MPCs improved the sphincter function, while ADSCs fully recovered the defect.
Taken together, new data for the approval of the waterjet technology were provided and displayed its feasibility as an improved cell injection method. Furthermore, the promising therapeutical aspects of cell therapy were demonstrated, indicating its potential for the treatment of UI.