Abstract:
The gut microbiome is a complex microbial community comprising archaea, bacteria, viruses, and fungi inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Mounting evidence implies it plays a causal role in host health and disease, prompting an intensive search for key taxa driving these associations. Human metabolic health and a healthy BMI are consistently associated with the gut bacterial family Christensenellaceae, a highly heritable family within the Firmicutes. Our group, and subsequently others, have demonstrated a causal role of Christensenella minuta in reducing host adiposity gain. Despite this strong evidence for a central role of C. minuta in host health, little is known about its interactions with other microbial community members and the host, limiting understanding of its effect on host body composition and health. This work aimed to provide insights into the effect of C. minuta on both the microbial community and the host in vivo. To accomplish this, I adopted two approaches.
First, I examined how C. minuta affected the microbial community in mice. I investigated this question in the context of a simplified and complex microbial community, the latter obtained by fecal transplants from a human obese donor to recipient germfree mice. My findings show an increase in the abundance of
C. minuta in the presence of other taxa in the murine gut. While C. minuta had only minor effects on the composition of a complex microbial community, I observed a consistent pattern of lower abundances of taxa belonging to the family Lachnospiraceae.
Further, I assessed the impact of C. minuta amendment on host energy expenditure in recipient male and female mice. Strikingly, C. minuta proved to be linked with murine physical activity, energy expenditure, and circulating metabolites, the latter partly correlated to changes in the microbial community. These effects of C. minuta on both the microbiome and the host differed depending on host sex, adding another level of complexity to these interactions.
My research sheds light on the interactions of C. minuta with the microbiome and the host, uncovering a potential mechanism for the association of Christensenellaceae with metabolic health and lean BMI.