Abstract:
The SH3 lymphocyte protein 1 (SLy1) is a multifunctional adaptor protein that is expressed exclusively in B cells, T cells and NK cells, and has a different specific function in each of the cell types. Through the present work, further insights were gained regarding the function of SLy1 in NK cells.
Previously, it was shown by our group that SLy1 contributes to ribosomal stability in this type of lymphocytes. In SLy1KO mice, which lack SLy1 expression, there is a decrease in NK cell number, decreased expression of NK cell activation receptors, and decreased viability and functionality of NK cells (Arefanian et al., 2016). Arefanian et al. postulated that these effects are due to an increased presence of free ribosomal proteins in SLy1KO NK cells, which block the binding site of Mdm2 to p53, leading to accumulation of p53 and activation of the signaling pathway.
In the present work, experiments were performed using an NCRTG p53flox/flox mouse model that exhibits deletion of p53 specifically in NK cells. This mouse model was validated by verifying the findings of Arefanian et al. regarding decreased NK cell numbers, decreased expression of NK cell activation receptors, and decreased viability and functionality of NK cells in SLy1 deficiency. In addition, and most importantly, in the present work the essential role of p53 in SLy1KO NK cell dysregulation was further confirmed using this mouse model: Upon specific deletion of p53 in NK cells, both relative NK cell numbers and activation receptor expression, as well as SLy1KO NK cell viability and functionality, were restored. These results strongly support the hypothesis of a p53-mediated dysregulation of NK cells in SLy1-deficiency.
In a second step, the present work demonstrated that in SLy1-deficient NK cells the DNA damage response (DDR) is additionally dysregulated. More specifically, the DDR genes Atr, Atm, Chek1 and Chek2 are upregulated. In order to find out how exactly the absence of SLy1 leads to DDR activation in NK cells, further experiments will need to be performed. However, one possible mechanism would be the activation of the DDR by the increased free ribosomal protein, also referred to as ribosomal stress.
In conclusion, the present work provides further proof of the essential function of the adaptor protein SLy1 for robust NK cell functionality. We therefore characterize SLy1 in NK cells as a "tumor suppressor-like" protein that may for example have future clinical relevance in the context of NK cell-based tumor therapies.