Abstract:
Subjective chronic tinnitus is a continuous or intermittent auditory percept without an external source, which is often accompanied by hearing deficits. As indicated, it is characterized by an absence of a corresponding acoustic source, not heard by anyone else, and may lead to various psychological problems including sleep disorder, depression, and anxiety. This dissertation aims to identify therapy and management options as well as to reveal some neural correlates of tinnitus severity and accompanying mood and anxiety disorders. Thus, the efficacy of various treatment approaches including psychotherapy, sound therapy, pharmacological therapy, and both non-invasive and invasive brain stimulation is evaluated. Albeit there are some therapies that surpass placebo effects, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or neuromodulation techniques, they mainly influence secondary symptoms but not the tinnitus tone itself, and the effects usually last for a limited time only. To investigate the differential neuronal profile of patients with severe and less severe chronic tinnitus 34 tinnitus patients were assigned to two groups and their EEG resting state activity was compared. Using a source analysis approach a significant and substantial frontal increase in theta wave activity was found in the group with severe tinnitus. The correlated severity of depression and anxiety did not correlate with the electrophysiological metrics. These results support a tinnitus-related global network change in which prefrontal areas are part of a network which exerts a top-down influence on the auditory cortices. The magnitude of this influence may be linked to the subjective strength of the tinnitus distress. Therapies should focus on both reducing the hyperactivity in the auditory cortex and reducing the top-down influence of the tinnitus-related global network on the auditory cortical and subcortical systems.